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Pollutants in the air


The pollutants that can be filtered out of the air we breathe by filtering devices can occur in different compositions and forms.

DUST
Dust is a collective term for finely divided solid particles suspended in the air that are distributed in a room by whirling or mechanical processes.
AEROSOL
Aerosols are finely distributed liquid or solid particles in a gas.
SMOKE
Smoke is produced by thermal and/or chemical processes. It is a disperse distribution of solid substances in air.
FOG / VAPOUR
Fog/vapour is caused by condensation or dispersion. These are liquid substances (droplets) in the air.
GAS
Gases are substances in the gaseous state of aggregation. This means that the molecules can move freely in space as a result of Brownian motion and fill it evenly.

How breathing protection filters work


A basic distinction is made between two types of filter: particle filters and gas filters. Particle filters protect against dust, smoke and aerosols. Gas filters provide protection against gases and vapours. Both types of filter can be combined, e.g. for protection against gas and dust.

How do particulate filters work?

Particle filters combine two different mechanisms of action: mechanical filtration and separation achieved by an electrostatic charge of the filter.

In the case of mechanical filtration, large particles (>0.6 µm) are caught by the filter medium like a sieve .

By means of electrostatic charging, small particles (<0.6 µm) are attracted and held by the electrostatic charging of the filter material.

How do gas filters work?

Gas filters consist of a cartridge filled with activated carbon. This special carbon filters gaseous pollutants from the air we breathe by chemically reacting with the molecules, either permanently binding them to itself or holding them on its surface by absorption. This mode of operation can be imagined like a sponge that absorbs water. Analogous to this image, the activated carbon "soaks up" the pollutants.

AX filters are a special case when it comes to low-boiling gases with a boiling point of ≤ 65 °C. In this case, the pollutant, e.g. acetone, migrates through the carbon bed and, after a long exposure time or at high concentrations, can enter the breathing air. Therefore, the reusability of the AX filters is limited to the duration of one work shift.

Just as a sponge can only absorb so much water, a gas filter loses its function when its absorption capacity has been reached and it can no longer bind any further molecules. Once this point has been reached, gases pass unfiltered into the breathing air and are thus released to the wearer.